Family: Thuidiaceae

Diagnosis: Plants small to robust, in typically stiff, dark-green to golden, loose mats. Stems creeping or ascending, mostly regularly 1-3 pinnate, not at all stipitate. Stem and branch leaves strongly differentiated, stems leaves mostly spreading when moist, usually broadly ovate, often abruptly acuminate, concave; margins serrulate to crenulate ± throughout, plane or recurved; costa single, strong, ending in the acumen to ± excurrent; cells quadrate to short-rectangular, uni- or pluripapillose on both surfaces or just at back, firm-walled; alar cells not or poorly differentiated. Branch leaves smaller than stem leaves, usually spreading, lanceolate to ovate, usually gradually acuminate to obtuse; margins serrulate to crenulate ± throughout, usually plane; costa single, weaker than in stem leaves; cells ± quadrate, uni- or pluripapillose on both surfaces or just at back, the apical cell typically truncate and pluripapillose, firm-walled, not porose; alar cells not or poorly differentiated. Setae elongate, smooth to roughened, reddish; capsules mostly inclined to horizontal, rarely erect, mostly asymmetric and arcuate, cylindric; annulus differentiated; operculum usually rostrate; peristome double, exostome teeth shouldered, bordered, on the front surface cross-striolate below, sometimes with overlying papillae, papillose above. Calyptra cucullate, rarely mitrate, mostly naked, smooth or roughened. Spores spherical, usually papillose.