Family: Orthotrichaceae

Diagnosis: Plants small to robust, in cushions, tufts or mats on rocks or trees. Stems erect, erect-ascending or creeping with erect-ascending branches, densely or sparsely tomentose. Leaves crowded, erect to crispate or spirally twisted when dry, spreading to squarrose when wet, more or less keeled, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, ligulate or lingulate; margins plane or revolute, rarely incurved, generally entire, but often serrate or denticulate; costa single, strong, ending near the apex; upper cells generally small, irregularly rounded and tick-walled, papillose or smooth, basal leaf cells generally elongate less frequently short and rounded, tuberculate or smooth, alar cells undifferentiated, weakly differentiated or rarely strongly differentiated. Brood bodies sometimes present in leaf axils, on rhizoids or leaves. Setae smooth or roughened; capsules immersed, emergent, or exserted, erect and symmetric, smooth or furrowed; operculum rostellate or rostrate; peristome diplolepidous, teeth none, single or double, exostome teeth 8 or 16. Calyptra campanulate, conic or cucullate, naked or hairy, plicate or non-plicate. Spores isosporous or anisosporous, sometimes multicellular.