Arboreal beetles of tropical forest: The Xystosomi group, subtribe Xystosomina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini): Part I. Character analysis, taxonomy, and distribution
Canadian Entomologist
1994
Journal Article
126
3
549-666
Parque Nacional del Manu biogeography morphology systematics taxonomy Coleoptera Insecta Arthropoda Invertebrata Geballusa microtretus Gouleta cayennense Philipis trunci animals arthropods insects invertebrates geographic distribution Xystosomina beetles canopy distributions new species Pakitza Reserva Nacional Tambopata Madre de Dios Bibliography
A group of subarboreal tropical beetles, the Xystosomi of subtribe Xystosomina new subtribe, is revised and reclassified based on a reevaluation of structural characters. Xystosomi are found in tropical Australia (Queensland) and tropical/subtropical America (Guerrero, Mexico, to Aguas Blancas, Argentina). The largest concentration of species occurs near the equator in the Amazon Basin, but a significant radiation of flightless forms was recently discovered in the northern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Xystosomina also includes the Mioptachyi, which at present is composed of the genera Mioptachys and Inpa. Seventy-six species of Neotropical and Australian Xystosomi are described or redescribed, illustrated, or keyed. This assemblage includes 12 classic species, 24 species described in the last three decades, and 40 new species, a six-fold increase since the time of Henry Walter Bates, the last 19th-century entomologist to study this remarkable lineage of carabid beetles. The Xystosomi are now arrayed in five genera: Philipis gen. nov. (type: Tachys trunci Darlington, Australia), Geballusa gen. nov. (type: Xystosomus microtretus Erwin, Costa Rica), Gouleta gen. nov. (type: Bembidion cayennense Dejean, Brazil), Batesiana gen. nov. (type: Xystosomus gruti Bates, Brazil), and Xystosomus Schaum (type: Xystosomus inflatus Schaum, Brazil). The following specific taxa are described as new (type-locality in parentheses): Geballusa rex (Brazil: 06 degree 02'N 050 degree 17'W), oligotreta (Panama: 08 degree 40'N 079 degree 56'W), nannotreta (Brazil: 02 degree 54'S 059 degree 57'W), Gouleta gentryi (Peru: 12 degree 50'S 069 degree 20'W), Batesiana para (Brazil: 01 degree 22'S 048 degree 20'W), angustia (Peru: 05 degree 08'S 074 degree 45'W), samiria (Peru: 05 degree 08'S 074 degree 45'W), esheje (Peru: 05 degree 08'S 074 degree 45'W), crassa (Peru: 03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), notesheje (Peru:03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), manusculptilis (Peru:12 degree 07'S 070 degree 58'W), parapara (Brazil: 02 degree 28'S 046 degree 26'W), am (Peru: 05 degree 08'S 074 degree 45'W), indetecticostis (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), nox (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), parkeri (Peru: 03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), hamatilis (Ecuador: 01 degree 02'S 077 degree 40'W), notparkeri (Colombia: 00 degree 08'N 075 degree 51'W), pfunorum (Peru: 03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), quadrata (Peru: 03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), protosculptilis (Peru: 12 degree 50'S 069 degree 20'W), misahualli (Ecuador: 01 degree 02'S 077 degree 40'W), depressisculptilis (Ecuador: 01 degree 02'S 077 degree 40'W), irisculptilis (Ecuador: 00 degree 24'S 076 degree 37'W), foveosculptilis (Brazil: 02 degree 28'S 046 degree 26'W), punctisculptilis (Peru: 03 degree 15'S 072 degree 55'W), eugeneae (Peru: 11 degree 56'47''S 071 degree 17'00W), anchicaya (Colombia: 03 degree 43'N 076 degree 57'W), jefe (Panama: 09 degree 12'N 079 degree 21'W), exigupunctata (Peru: 05 degree 08'S 074 degree 45'W), rosebudae (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), equanegrei (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), henryi (Ecuador: 00 degree 28'S 077 degree 53'W), baeza (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), huacamayas (Ecuador: 00 degree 28'S 077 degree 53'W), dannyi (Ecuador: 00 degree 57'S 077 degree 48'W), alticola (Colombia: 04 degree 21'S 074 degree 22'W), jacupiranga (Brazil: 24 degree 42'S 048 degree 00'W), chiriboga (Ecuador: 00 degree 15'S 078 degree 44'W), wygo (Colombia: 04 degree 53'N 074 degree 31'W). The following names are resurrected from synonymy for good species: hilaris Bates and belti Bates. Several names combinations were changed as a result of the generic reorganization: Philipis trunci (Darlington), Geballusa microtreta (Erwin), G. polytreta (Erwin), Gouleta notiophiloides (Erwin), G. spangleri (Erwin), G. cayennense (Dejean), Batesiana bisulcifrons (Erwin), B. negrei (Erwin), B. hilaris (Bates), B. belti (Bates), B. ampliata (Bates), B. strigosa (Bates), B. gruti (Bates), B. nigripalpis (Erwin), B. villiersi (Peffault), B. apicisulc